Arnol'd, Ivan Karlovich

Deafened at age 5; first went to the Petersburg Institute, then to a school for the deaf in Germany. He left this school to go to the Dresden Academy of Art. Became a typographer in St. Petersburg, then a private tutor of the deaf. Opened a small private school for the deaf in St. Petersburg, which failed. About 1860, he started another school in Moscow, which eventually flourished after a difficult beginning.